まとめ及びメモ
ノイ・ジョルダニア
Noi Zhordania
Noe Zhordania
メサメ・ダシ（第三グループ）創立メンバー。
１８８０年代チフリス神学校に通った後、国外留学。ワルシャワの獣医学校に学ぶ。カウツキーの著書を通じてマルクス主義を知る。
１８９２年帰国しメサメ・ダシ設立に参加。直後、逮捕を逃れるため再び４年間国外へ。カウツキーとプレハーノフの知遇を得る。
１８９７年帰国。グルジア語週刊誌「Kvari」（畝間）の編集を引き継ぎ、イリア・チャフチャヴァーゼ王子の主導する近代的民族主義改革路線に対抗して、労働者階級の国際連帯に基づくマルクス主義路線を唱える。
１９１８年、新生グルジア共和国の大統領に就任するが、１９２１年に赤軍によってその地位を追われる。[SAR pp.67-69]2004.05.21
もっと貴族的な人物かと思えば、獣医学校の出身とは… イメージが狂う。2004.05.21
Noi Zhordania
Noe Zhordania
メサメ・ダシ（第三グループ）創立メンバー。
１８８０年代チフリス神学校に通った後、国外留学。ワルシャワの獣医学校に学ぶ。カウツキーの著書を通じてマルクス主義を知る。
１８９２年帰国しメサメ・ダシ設立に参加。直後、逮捕を逃れるため再び４年間国外へ。カウツキーとプレハーノフの知遇を得る。
１８９７年帰国。グルジア語週刊誌「Kvari」（畝間）の編集を引き継ぎ、イリア・チャフチャヴァーゼ王子の主導する近代的民族主義改革路線に対抗して、労働者階級の国際連帯に基づくマルクス主義路線を唱える。
１９１８年、新生グルジア共和国の大統領に就任するが、１９２１年に赤軍によってその地位を追われる。[SAR pp.67-69]2004.05.21
もっと貴族的な人物かと思えば、獣医学校の出身とは… イメージが狂う。2004.05.21
１８７０年、小地主の息子として生まれる。
グルジアの社会民主労働党をメンシェビキ系にした立役者。
赤軍に追放された後はパリで亡命生活を送り、１９５３年にフランスで死亡。
果たしてスターリンの死を見届けたのか？ スターリンの死は１９５３年３月５日だからその可能性は十分にある。…と思ったら、１月に死んでいた。ソース：Wikipedia 2006.5.6
グルジアの社会民主労働党をメンシェビキ系にした立役者。
赤軍に追放された後はパリで亡命生活を送り、１９５３年にフランスで死亡。
果たしてスターリンの死を見届けたのか？ スターリンの死は１９５３年３月５日だからその可能性は十分にある。…と思ったら、１月に死んでいた。ソース：Wikipedia 2006.5.6
ソース
www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk
Noi Zhordania, the son of a small landowner, was born in Guria in 1870. He attended the Tiflis Seminary and the Warsaw Veterinary Institute.
Converted to Marxism Zhordania he established the Mesame Dasi group in Georgia. Threatened with arrest he left the country and became editor if the radical journal, Kvali that supported the Social Democratic Labour Party.
At the Second Congress of the Social Democratic Labour Party in London in 1903, there was a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, two of the party's main leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of professional revolutionaries with alarge fringe of non-party sympathisers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a large party of activists. Martov won the vote 28-23 but Lenin was unwilling to accept the result and formed a faction known as the Bolsheviks. Those who remained loyal to Martov became known as Mensheviks.
Zhordania joined George Plekhanov, Pavel Axelrod, Leon Trotsky, Lev Deich, Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko, Irakli Tsereteli, Moisei Uritsky and Fedor Dan and supported Julius Martov.
On his return to Russia he published the Sotsial Demokratia in Georgia. In this role he successfully persuaded the Social Democratic Labour Party in Georgia to support the Mensheviks.
In 1914 Zhordania worked with Leon Trotsky on the journal Borba (The Struggle). After the February Revolution he was elected chairman of the Tiflis Soviet. In June, 1918 he became head of the new Georgian government. However, he was forced out of power by the invasion of Georgia by the Red Army in February, 1921.
Zhordania went to live in exile in Paris. Noi Zhordania died in France in 1953.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSzhordania.htm
2004.05.23
www.jcwinnie.us
グルジアで民主的な手続きに従って合法的に選ばれた最初の大統領。
ロシアから進入した１０万人の赤軍に破れる。
ロシアから進入した１０万人の赤軍に破れる。
Cinderella.Blogerfeller provides a history lesson:
Actually the first democratically elected president of an independent republic of Georgia was not Shevardnadze or Gamsakhurdia but Noi Zhordania, who came to office in 1919 after the country had managed to break away from the Russian Empire the previous year. Zhordania's Mensheviks had dropped their radical extremism to become social democrats and were immensely popular in Georgia, winning 75% of the vote in the parliamentary elections. Their model was the German Social Democrats and they also instituted a policy of giving peasants land by dividing up the big noble estates. Georgia was admired in the West by figures like the British Labour leader Ramsay MacDonald. It seemed the most stable and the most viable of the Transcaucasian successor states. However, they had reckoned without the Bolsheviks who had already destroyed democracy in Russia. There was virtually no popular support for the Bolsheviks within Georgia proper, though they had gained some backing from the national minorities in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, who resented what they considered the highhandedness of the Tbilisi government. However Bolshevik attempts to stage a coup in Tbilisi in May 1920 were an abject failure, easily crushed by the tiny Georgian police force. Lenin, who was occupied on military fronts elsewhere, was forced to recognize Georgian independence. Despite this and his famous boasts about "anti-imperialism" echoed by useful idiots in the West, in February 1921 the Politburo sent a Red Army numbering 100,000 men to invade. The tiny Georgian army could put up little resistance to this massive force (it was also threatened by invasion by Kemalist Turkey) and within a week it was defeated and Zhordania went into exile in Paris. The Mensheviks went underground only to stage an uprising in 1924. After it was crushed, 5,000 "nobles" were executed in reprisals by one of the few Georgian Bolsheviks, Stalin.
http://www.jcwinnie.us/MT/archives/cat_democracy.html
2004.05.24
Wikipedia
Noe Zhordania
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Noe ZhordaniaNoe Zhordania (January 2, 1868 – January 11, 1953) was a Georgian journalist and politician. He was the first leader of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG) in 1918 - 1921.
Zhordania was born the son of a small landowner in Lanchkhuti, Western Georgia. He was the founder of the Mesame-Dasi-Group (the third group), one of the first socialist groups in Tbilisi. Zhordania became a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and chairman of the Georgian Social Democratic Labour Party. In 1906 he joined the Menshevik faction of the State Duma of Russia.
After the February Revolution of 1917 overthrew monarchy in Russia, Zhordania was elected chairman of the Workers and Soldiers Soviet (council) of Tbilisi. In December 1917 he became chairman of the Georgian parliament, the National Assembly (Georgian Dampudznebeli Kreba). On May 26, 1918 he was elected leader (Head of the Government) of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG), the first Republic of Georgia. His government organised a land reform, a comprehensive social legislation and fought against Bolshevik and separatist movements in the country. From 1918 to 1921 Georgia was recognised by various countries including Japan, Belgium,Germany, Italy, Turkey, United Kingdom, France, and, in 1920, Russia.
On February 25, 1921 Zhordania was deposed by Russian Red Army forces, which re-occupied Georgia and incorporated it into the Soviet Union as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR. On March 17, 1921 Zhordania was exiled to Paris, where he led a Georgian government-in-exile. He died in 1953.
Zhordania was buried on Leville Cemetery in France. Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili visited his grave on March 10, 2004 and offered the family a state funeral in Tbilisi.
Works
Noi Nikolaevich Zhordania: My life. The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford, Calif. 1968
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe_Zhordania
2006.5.6
