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カール・R. ポパー 2019-09-20T17:02:08+09:001568966528Finnish Orchestral Favourites
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<p><font>Finnish Orchestral Favourites</font></p>
<p><font>フィンランド管弦楽名曲集<br></font></p>
<p><font>There is no doubt that the most famous of all Finnish composers mustbe
Jean Sibelius (1865-1957), a masterly symphonist who captured the spirit
andhistory of his own country in a series of symphonies, tone-poems and
otherworks. <i>Finlandia</i>, in particular, became a symbol of the
country’sstruggle for independence, a cause in which Sibelius was closely
involved. Itwas written in 1899 as part of the music for the press pensions
celebration ofthat year, an event that was transformed into a patriotic
demonstration againstRussian power. <i>Valse triste</i>, which won widespread
popularity in avariety of arrangements but made little money for the composer,
was composed in1903 to accompany a death scene in a play by
SibeliusEbrother-in-law, ArvidJärnefelt.</font></p>
全てのフィンランドの作曲家の中で最も有名なのはシベリウス(1865-1957)に違いないということには、疑う余地はないく、一連の交響曲、交響詩、およびその他の作品において彼自身の祖国の精神性と歴史を捉えた主要な交響曲作家である。<br>
フィンランディアは、とくに、祖国の独立への闘争の象徴となった。<br>
シベリウスはその原因を含んだ。<br>
それは1899年に、その年のロシアの圧政に対する愛国kてきな民主運動に変形されるイベントである、プレスpensionの祝典のための音楽の一部として、作曲された。<br>
Valsetriste(「悲しきワルツ」)は、さまざまな編曲で人口に膾炙しているが、1903年にシベリウスの義理のEbrotherのArvidJarnefeltにより祈りにおける死の情景にaccompanyされた。<br>
<hr size="2" width="100%">
<font>Leevi Madetoja (1887-1947) was a pupil of Sibelius in Helsinki andlater
of Vincent d’Indy in Paris and Robert Fuchs in Vienna. He had a careeras a
conductor, teacher, critic and composer, and won particular success withhis
opera <i>Pohjalaisia</i> (The Ostrobothnians), composed in 1923, staged in1935
and generally regarded as the first significant Finnish contribution tothe
genre. His <i>Elegy for Strings</i> forms part of his <i>Symphonic Suite,Opus
4,</i> of 1910.<br></font>
<hr size="2" width="100%">
<font>Born in the previous decade, Erkki Melartin (1875-1937) studied
inHelsinki and with Fuchs in Vienna, then broadening his education with
furthertravel and study before returning to Finland, where he spent a number of
yearsas director of the Helsinki Music Institute. Like Madetoja, he belongs to
thegeneration of nationalist composers following Sibelius. Prolific as a
composerboth of lighter and of more serious music, he is widely remembered for
hispopular <i>Festive March</i>, heard at many Finnish weddings and taken
fromMelartin’s incidental music to the play <i>Prinsessa Ruusunea</i>
(SleepingBeauty). The <i>Wedding March</i> by Toivo Kuula (1883-1918), whose
promise as a leading composer in the generation after Sibelius was cut short by
his death after the Finnish Civil War, enjoys similar popularity.<br></font>
<hr size="2" width="100%">
<font>結婚行進曲は、T.
クーラ(1883-1918)により作曲され、シベリウス没後の世代における指導的な作曲家としての彼の有望は、<br>
フィンランド独立戦争の後の彼の死により短くなったが、<br>
同様な人気を博して楽しまれている。<br></font>
<hr size="2" width="100%">
<font>promise 約束の地、天国、希望の地<br></font>
<p><font>Armas Järnefelt (1869-1958), another brother-in-law of Sibelius and
amember of a family of distinguished talent and strongly nationalist
sympathies,studied with Martin Wegelius and Ferruccio Busoni in Helsinki, in
Berlin andthen in Paris with Massenet. For a number of years he was principal
conductorat the Royal Opera in Stockholm, while as a composer he is chiefly
rememberedfor his <i>Praeludium</i> and <i>Berceuse</i>, the popularity of
which haseclipsed other works of his.</font></p>
<p><font>Oskar Merikanto (1868-1924) played an important part in Finnishmusical
life. His numerous piano pieces enjoyed domestic popularity, togetherwith his
many songs and he made a significant contribution to the developmentof church
music in Finland and to operatic performance. His <i>Romance</i> and<i>Valse
lente</i> have been orchestrated for the present recording by
JormaPanula.</font></p>
<p><font>The reputation of Heino Kaski (1885-1957) depends largely on his
pianomusic and one of his best known pieces is his <i>Prelude in G flat
major</i>,which he also arranged for orchestra. A composer of another kind is
HeikkiAaltoila (1905-1992), who wrote music for 150 plays and more than 75
films. Hisbest known work is his <i>Wedding Waltz of Akseli and Elina</i>,
written forEdvin Laine’s film <i>Here beneath the North Star</i>. Even better
known inFinland must be the <i>Finnish Prayer</i> by Taneli Kusisto
(1905-1988), asetting of words by Uuno Kailas, here orchestrated by Jorma
Panula.</font></p>
<p><font>Einojuhani Rautavaara (1928- ) belongs to a younger generation, apupil
of Merikanto in Helsinki and then of Vincent Persichetti, Aaron Coplandand
Roger Sessions in America, following this with study in Ascona withWladimir
Vogel and in Cologne with Rudolf Petzold. He has remained open to awider range
of contemporary influences. <i>Fiddlers, Opus 1</i>, was written in1952 and is
derived from folk material.</font></p>
<p><font>From a rather earlier generation, Uuno Klami (1900-1961)
alsorepresents a move away from romantic nationalism towards a wider spectrum
ofinfluences, creating synthesis between Finnish thematic material and
stylisticinfluences from abroad. He studied intermittently, as funds allowed,
inHelsinki and then spent a year in Paris, returning to demonstrate a command
oforchestration that reflected the influence of Ravel. His <i>Sea
Pictures</i>,of which the movement <i>Nocturne (Song of the Watch)</i> is here
included,dates from the early 1930s, a reminder of his own early memories of
the sea,near which he spent his childhood.</font></p>
<p><font>Aulis Sallinen (1935- ) is among the most distinguished ofcontemporary
Finnish composers, significant for his operas as for hiscontribution to may
different genres of music. <i>Sunrise Serenade</i> followedSallinen’s opera
<i>Kullervo</i> and is scored for strings, two trumpets andpiano, a depiction
of the transition from dark to light, a message ofoptimism.</font></p>
<p><font>Keith Anderson</font></p>
<p><font>(based on notes by Ralf Hermans)</font></p>
2006-05-09T11:52:17+09:001147143137Science 2006.03
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2006-05-09T11:07:45+09:001147140465Chaos in dynamical systems
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2006-04-17T17:43:44+09:001145263424celestial body
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